Prehistoric Civilization of The Indus Valley

The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, thrived around 2600 to 1900 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. It was one of the world’s earliest urban cultures, notable for its advanced city planning, including grid-pattern streets, drainage systems, and well-planned buildings. Major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro showcased sophisticated architecture and public structures. The people engaged in agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship, producing beads, seals, and pottery. They used a yet-to-be-deciphered script and had a socially organized society with evidence of both religious practices and economic prosperity. The Indus Valley’s decline around 1900 BCE remains a mystery, possibly due to climate change or shifts in river patterns. Despite its collapse, the civilization’s legacy influenced later cultures in South Asia.